Art of regulating electric motors.



J. G. V. LANG. ART OF REGULATING ELECTRIC MOTORS.

APP LIOATION FILED JUNE 1, 1909.

Patented May 7, 1912.

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flmfl 01111213 c fl J. G, V. LANG.

ART OF RBGULATING ELECTRIC MOTORS.

. APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 1, 1909.

J. G. V. LANG.

ART OF RBGULATING ELECTRIC MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 1, 1909.

Patented ma 7, 1912.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

MN R w M T V woo/Mien I h Hozuu M J. G; v. LANG. ART OF REGULATINGELECTRIC MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 1, 1909.

Patented m 7, 1912.

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' J. G. V. LANG. "ART or REGULATI'NG ELEOTRIO MOTORS.

APPLICATION ITILIGD JUNE 1, 1909.

Patented May 7, 1912.

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' and manipulation of the system. It is also I become numerous switch isnecessarily comparatively compliby providing one trol or regulationUNITED" STATES PA'lENT' OFFICE,

JOI EIAN G. V. LANG, 0F DAVENPORT, IOWA, ASSIGNOB, OF ONE-HALF TO EDWARDH.

JOHNSON, OF NEW. YORK, N. Y.

ART OF BEGULATING ELECTRIC MOTORS.

1 025 877, Specification of Letters Patent. Patentedliay Q, 1912.

Application filed .Tune 1, 1909. Serial No. 499,547.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JOHAN G. V. Lane, asubject of the King of Sweden, and resi- I or windings which will bestsuit the series of Davenport, county of l field combination and will, atthe same time, Scott, and State of Iowa, have made a new reduce thecomplication of the motor wind and useful Invention in the Art ofRegulating and of the field changing switch to a ing Electric Motors, ofwhich the following minimum. is a specification. In changing from theseries field to the My invention is directed to improvements separatelyexcited field, or vice versa. it is in the regulation of electric motorsystems 1 advantageous to keep the main circuit of the of theregenerative type, such, for instance, l motors closed through asuitable number as are disclosed in prior U. S. patents 'grant" ofseries coils, as disclosed. in prior U. S. ed to me on the 9th day ofAugust, 1904', and patents granted to me on the 9th dav of numberedrespectively Nos. 7 6?,154 and August, 1904 and numbered respectively767,350, and it has "for its object, the estab- 7 67 ,155 and 767,351,for the purpose of lishment of a series field excitation for proavoidinga rush of current due to sluggishpulsion and the equivalent of a shuntor ness of the field in building up after itsmocompound excitation forretardation mentary reduction. Inasmuch, however. as through the agencyof independent sources the separately excited field windings possess ofelectrical supply. The method of con-' relatively small self-inductionthey may not disclosed in the beforenecessitate to the same extent,theprecaumentioned patents, consisted in causing the tion to be takenagainst an undue rush of motors to run as ordinary seriesmotors-durcurrent as described in said patents. ing the time that theyare acting to propel The present invention is applicable also a vehicle,and as shunt or compound moto cases where the equivalent of compoundtors while acting regeneratively for braking motors is obtained bykeeping, a suitable sepurposes. It is found in practice that an riesfield energized, not only by current ordinary shunt field, whenconnected across through the main motors, but also by curthe mains and,therefore, subjected to the rent from an independent source of suplinevoltage, necessitates a relatively fine ply, which latter determines themaximum subdivision of the copper conductors, and is value of theindependent excitation. In apthus associated with a low space fact-or.plying the present invention to such a sys Furthermore, a shunt fieldfor high voltage tem the separate or independent current is highlyinductive and thus gives rise to supply above referred to isdisconnected difficulties in connection with insulation ticallyunlimited in my choice of voltage and am able to adapt it to the windingfrom the series field windings, or a part thereof while propulsion istaking place, and is rendered active only during retardation. Thischange of connection may be performed by means of al change switch orswitches, the result being, as in the present arrangement, that themotors have a series characteristic during propulsion and found thatwhen the space for the motors is limited in such manner that the fieldwinding has to be used alternately as series and shunt windings, theleads from the motors and the field changing cated.

Itis one of the objects of the present invention to overcome thesevarious difiiculties tion. Y

For a full and clear understanding of my invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to construct and use the same. reference ishad to the accompanying drawings, in which,

Figure 1 illustrates in diagrammatic view a controller for two motorswith the field of each motor split up in two parts, one of which isconstantly used as a series field, and the other as a series fieldduring propulsicn hut as it separately excited field during or moreseparate sources of supply, as a battery or batteries; or, power drivengenerator or generators, the latter driven directly from the axle oraxles of the vehicle; or, a transformer for the purpose of supplying theenergizing current for that part of the field which is to be madeindependent of the load, in order to to the motors the desiredregenerative By such means T am praca compound characteristic duringretardaretardation, the movable controller contacts being shown upon theright of the drawing and the independent sources of electrical energyillustrated as batteries. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view similar toFig. 1illustrating the manner in which the independent field is obtained byapplying electromotive force to both terminals of a field con stantlyconnected in "series with the corresponding armature, it beingunderstood that the idea of obtaining the equivalent of a compoundexcitation in this way is well.

known in the art. Fig. 3 illustrates a simple arrangement for theapplication of my improvement in connection with a single motor and abattery supplying the total energy, the same being particu arly adaptedfor use in connection with motor propelled "in all of which like lettersand numerals of reference represent like parts wherever used, A and Bare the armatures and SA and SB the field coils of two independentmotors, which field coils are designed to be used\in series with saidarmatures respectively dur ing propulsion and retardation.

FA and FE represent respectively independent sections of the fieldwindings which are designed to be energized by the main current, or partof the main current during propulsion and by current from separate orindependent sources of supply during retardation.

rA and r18 represent resistances used in parallel with the series fieldwinding during propulsion, forthe purpose of varying the fieldstrengths.

R and R are starting resistances and fi l,

fB resistances for varying the strength of the independent excitation.s? to 3 represent the fixed contacts of the controller permanentlyoperatively connected with'the various circuits of the two motors asshown.

m to m and n to n represent the movable contacts of the controlleradapted when fixed contacts 5' to 8 Referring to the field changingswitch 0 to 0 represent the stationary contacts of the field changerwhich control the field circuits of that motor in which the armaturerotated to contact in the usual way with the is indicated by the letterA.

V) Z to a? are the corresponding stationary the letter a is drum andcarries a contact arm a (see Fig. 1) under the. influence of trollinghandle a by rotating the same from mater? cnntacts of the field changerwhich-control the field circuits of thatm'otor as indicated by theletter B.

PA and PB are the movable contacts of the field changing switch, saidcontacts beiiig supported at the opposite ends of a rod carrying asolenoid core G adapted to be moved in one direction by thefield'changing solenoid L and in a reversp direction by gravity. 1' Itis obvious that. the arrangement the contacts of the field changingswitch ni'ay be disposed and operated in a of ways, such as will readilysuggest itself to those skilled in the art. It-is also to be noted thatthe field coils SA and F A, SB and FB are connected in parallel duringpropulsion, but obviously these coils might be arranged so as to havethem connectedin series by simply varying the contacts of the switch andtheir connections in a manner known to those skilled in the art.. Incase a simple shunt excitation is desired during retardation the fieldwindings SAand SB would not be necessary.

The field changing switch may be con various-number trolled by thesolenoid Lin any preferred vway. I have illustrated in thejdrawings'circuit connections operatively connected with the drum of thecontroller in which the operating handle thereof indicated by yieldinglyconnected with the site ends of which are normally out of contact withstationary contacts 9, 7r connected respectively with contact rings a,Z), supported by the drum, 6, 7' being brushes are connected to thetrolley con ductor T orother source of electrical energy, and 1 throughthe solenoid L to earth, the circuit being normally open during propul-81011, as shown.

' IA and ll? represent independent sources of electrical energy, IAbeing indicated as permanently connected on one side through -theresistances 'ifA to the field coils SA, FA,

and IE similarly connected through resistances f3 and field coils SB,FR; These .two independent sources of electrical energy are normally onopen circuit at the points 0 d respectively.

Presuming now that the controller has been turned to the first runningposition the conright to left in the direction of the arrow until themovable contacts m m m of the controller are resting upon the fixedcontacts s s .9 the working current flow will be as follows fromthetrolley conductor T, fixed contact a, movablecontacts m 'm fixed contact8 armature A fixed contact 8', movable contacts ml m, fixed contact 8,armature B, fixed" contact 8, movablecond, the" oppo- I contact lbrushes resting on the rings 6, '0, which and retarding effect, due tothe influence of tacts m mm, m m fixed'contactss to the field magnetcoils SA and FA. That part of thecurrent flowing through FA passesonward through the stationary contact o movable contact PA andstationary contact I c ,of the field changing switch, where "itjoins-theother portion of the c'urrent fiow- 'ing through the coil SA and passesthence current flowing through the field magnet:

SB, passing thence to the fixed contact 8, through the movable contactsat? m m by the fixed contact 8 to earth. The starting resistances R andR are short-circuited by the movable contacts m to m through the fixedcontacts .9 to as the controller "is advanced. Supposeriow that it be desired to give to the system a regenerative the independent sources ofelectrical eiieitgy IA and IB and without interrupting the workingcircuit. On reversing the direction of rotation of the handle awhich isyieldingly connected to the controller drum in such manner as not torotate the latter until moved through a certain angle relative to i";Zn-'53, not until the circuit is closed bet ween the contact (Z and thecontacts g and it so that a branch of the power circuit is diverted fromthe trolley conductor T- through the brush 6, contact ring I),contacts'h, d and g, contact ring 0, brush f, solenoid L to earth, whichenergizes the solenoid L and causes the same to elevate the solenoidcore G, thus shifting the field changing switch to its upper position,so that a circuit is now closed from the upper or independent source ofelectrical energy IA by way of fixed contact s movable contacts 012 m m,fixed contact 8 through field coil FA, stationary contact 0 movablecontact PA and stationary contact to the other pole of the independentsource of electrical energy IA. In the same manner a likecircuit isclosedfrom the independent source ofelectrical energy 1B, through thefixed contacts 8 to 8 movable contacts m m n through the field coil FEand upper stationary contact- (Z movable contact PB and stationarycontact (1 to the other pole of the independent source. The two coils FAand FE are, therefore, thus independently excited which,

assuming the speed not to be below the minimum braking. speed of thecontroller position, will cause current to flowv from the armatures Aand B to fixed contacts a, s.

Assuming the "controller position to be on 'over contacts a (1.,

the first runing notch as before, the current from contact a will fiowthrough movable contacts m 712 fixed contact 3' through the armature A,fixed con-tact s and from there through movable contacts m at throughthe trolley conductor T back to ground, fixed contacts movable contactsm m m, fixed cont-act s field coil. SB, fixed contact movablecontacts mm m m, fixed contact a field coil SA, fixed contact a movable contacts mm m m, fixed contact s to armature B. During propulsion the resistancesTA and TB are brought into action atwrtain notches of the controllerthrough the medium of fixed contacts a 8 and movable contacts m m fixedcontacts s re and movable contacts m m t respectively. Current isdiverted from the contact m, that is from the positive ends of the fieldcoils FA and SA on the one end andfrom the movable contact m" from thepositive endv of the field coils'SB and F13 and joins the main currentafter passing movable contacts PA PB and stationar contacts 0 d"respectively. During retar ation the resistances and fB are eithershort circuited or operative as thespeed requirements may necessitate bymeans of the fixed contacts 8 to 8 movable contacts m to m fixedcontacts s to 8 movable contacts m to 1'72 respectively. 1

That modified form of the invention illus-' trated in Fig. 2 of thedrawings difiers from the form illustrated in Fig. 1 ,only in that.

the inde endent field is obtained-by applying to t e series fieldterminalsa suitable electromotive force sutlicientlto causea certainamount of current to flow from the positive terminals, independent ofthe main current, except to an extentequal to the desired compensatingaction, 2'. 8., corresponding to the action of the series turns, asillustrated in the modified form disclosed in Fig. 1; that is tosay,that formbf the invention shown in Fig: 2 illustrates the invention asembodying a method of operation which is the equivalent of a com'poundexcitation. In

this form of the invention" A and B are armatures as before FA and FEthe field windings. rA and TB retarding resistances for field variationduring propulsion; fA and. fB resistances for varying the'strength ofthe independent excitation, stationary contacts 0 0 Z d being used forthe purpose of short-circuiting the resistances fA and fB-duringpropulsion, the circuit relations between'the other parts of the fieldchanging switch, the controller and operative connections being the sameas illustrated in Fig. 1. In" this form of the invention supposing thecontroller to be set upon the first notch, the current flow is asfollows, from the trolley conductor '1 through. fixed. contact 8,movable contacts m m, fixed contact 8, armature A, contact If,- movablecontacts on m", fixed contact 8,

' Q illustrated in Fig. 3, particularly adapted armature B, fixedcontact a, movable contacts m m m m fixed contact a to field coil FA. Incase the fixed contacts 8 or 8 engage with the movable contacts mor m,

a part of the current will flow through the diverting resistance 1 A andjoin the field current by passing over contact to mov-- able contact PA.The main current then passe'si'orer fixed contact 0 of the fieldchanging" switch, stationary contact 0 he fixed contact a movablecontactsm mm m tofixed contact a, field magnet FE and contact 02 Thecurrent may not be diverted at movable contacts and pass through fixedcontacts 8 in case these contacts thus engage, passing thence throughresistance 7-8 to stationary contact (i joining the current through thefield at FB, movable contact PB,' proceeding over stationary contact 03fixed contact a, movable contacts m m m to fixed contact 8 to ground.When the field changing switch ismoved so that the movable cont-acts PAand PB contact respec-- tively with stationary contacts 0 c d d theseparate sourcesot'electrical energy are connected to the fieldterminals and current will flow from the-independent sources ofelectrical energy IA and IE to the field windings FA and FE, passing incertain positions through the resistance *'A and fB over stationarycontacts 0 PA 0 and d movable contact PB, stationary contact (Z back tothe i negative" terminals of ,said. independent A to trolley conductorable contact, PA,

sources of energy. The current flow in' the main circuit under theseconditions will be from the armature B through the armature T and toground by way of fixed contact a, movable contacts m m fixed contact .9over stationary contact (Z movable contact PB, stationary contact (Zthrough the separate sourceof electrical energy llB, the field currentfrom the field magnet l B passing the same way having joined it beforereaching the stationary contact d then passing to contact a, movablecontacts m m m m, fixed, contact a by way of stationary contact 0movstationary contact 0 through the independent sourcecfeelectricalenergy IA. to fixed contact a movable contacts m m mm, fixed contact 8back to the armature B. I

In the notched diagrams illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5 as applicable tomodified forms of invention shown in diagrammatic views-Figs. 1 and 2,the sources of current supnly are indicated. by batteries.

In the modified form of the invent-ion for use in connection with motorvehicles operated and controlled by storage batteries, the arrangementofthe circuits of the controller switch is as illustrated in the preceding diagrams this instance only may or a single motor is shown inwhich A, denotes the armature S a part of the field magnet coil, used asseries coils during propulsion and retardation (this may under certaincircumstances be omi ted) and F the-main 3 part of suchfield coil. 7indicates a diverting resistance for field variation during propulsion.R R starting resistances 7 resistance for variation of the independentfield excitation during retardation. B represents the .source of currentsupply illustrated as a battery and 21 end 20 a sectional part of thebattery. B. L is the solenoid of the field changing switch and G thecore therefor, P the movable contact and 0 0 c c c the stationarycontacts. 8 to 8 and m to mm, represent as before the contacts of thecontroller operatively connected with a drum in the usual manner andmanipulated by the handle a, as before, the circuitrelations between thesolenoid L, the contact rings 5, c, movable contact (Z and fixedcontacts 9 and h and brushes 6 and f the battery circuit B as shown.\Vith this form of the invention with the controller in the first notchthe current passes entire battery B by way of the fixed contacts movablecontacts m 471?, fixed contact 8 armature A, fixed contact movablecontacts m m, fixed contact 8 through the entire field coil SF to.stationary contact 0 movable contact P, stationary contact 0 to fixedcontact, a, movable contactm m m to fixed contact 8" back to battery;When the resistances r are in circuit, partof the current passes overmovable contacts m m and fixed contacts 8 or .9 current at movablecontact P through sta-' tionary contact 0. During retardation thesolenoid L is energized by rotating the controller handle a as before soas to connect up the movablecontact (Z and fixed'contacts and current isflowing from 0 over 0, mov able contact P, stationarycontact 0 fieldshort-circuited by fixed contacts 8 to tacts m to m" fixed contacts backto battery. The main current will pass. from tacts m the batteryindicated by the letters at '1'. charging the same, proceeding by way of.stationary contact c v movable contact P, contact a backto that partof-the field indicated by S, fixedcontact s, movable contacts m m,fix'ed contact 8 to the armature.

'In' Fig. 3 pelling conditions resulting fromi'the movement of the allbeing clearly outlined in.thisview'of the drawings,- while in Fig. 3"are illustrated in being connected to the solenoid L and with l from theg, h. Thus the solenoid core G is energized F, resistance f provided thelatteris notengagement between the. .s and the novable co'narmature A,fixed contact a movable con m fixed contact a to. that part of and joinsthe main controller, the "circuit relations like manner the'various'retarding onditions are illustrated the various prowhichresultfrom reversing'the controller handle a at the various notchesofthe controller, the circuit relations all being clearly indicated.

I do not limit my invention toany especial arrangement of circuits andcircuit remotors for propulsive or regenerating andbrakmg 'efiects;such, for instance, as in motor vehicles or motor boats propelled bycurrent from storage batteries; electric tram cars and like vehiclespropelled by currents from power circuits, as trolley conductors orthird rails; electrically driven elevators .or lifts, and the like, andmy claims are depower circuit, a controller, a plurality signed to be ofsuch scope as to include all such uses. 7

Having thus described my invention what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent of the United States is 1. In a system of electricalenergy, a of motors eaclrli'aving an armature and field windings,sources of current supply extraneous to the power circuit as regardsrelationship to the motor system; together with circuits and circuitconnections whereby. the uotors run as seriesmotors during propulsionbut are given a variable degree of shunt characteristic by excitationfrom the extraneous supply sources and thus act as generators and withbreaking effect when retardation is-required, substantially asdescribed.

2. In asystem of electrical energy, a'

powcr circuit, a plurality of series wound electric motors; incombination with electrical genera-tors extraneous to the power cirtuiias regards relationship to the motors; together with means whereby saidgenerators are connected to field windings of the motors whenretardationis required, thus giving the motors a variable degree ofshunt characteristic causing them to act as generators with brakingeffect, but are disconnected from the field -windings during propulsioncausing the motors to runas series Y. motors, substantially asdescribed.

3. In a. system of electrical energy, a power circuit, a plurality ofseries motors each having an armature and series field windings, sourcesof current supply extraneous to the power circuit as regardsrelationship to the motors, said sources being disconnected from saidseries field windings during propulsion; together with means forconnectirig the said sources of extraneous current supply across theseries field windings of said motors, substantially as described. A

4. In a system of electrical energy, a power circuit, a plurality ofseries wound electric motors having each an independent field coilnormally disconnected from an electrical generator independent of thepower circuit; a field changing switch electro-magnetically controlled,and a controller adapted to'efi'ect the current changes to the motors;together with means operatively connected with the controller forconnecting a source of electrical energy to and disconnecting it fromthe control Ina net of the field changing switch, whereby te motors areadapted to act as series wound motors during propulsion and asregenerators with braking effect on reversal-of the controller handle,substantially as described.

5. In a system of electrical energy, a power circuit, a plurality ofseries wound electric motors having each an independent field coil,sources of current supply independent ing switch and connections betweenthe same and the independent sources of current suply; together witha,circuit control switch or actuating the field changing switch, theentire arrangement being such that during propulsion the independentfield coils are disconnected from the independent. sources of currentsupply, the motors acting in series relation, and when the controlswitch is reversed they are connected in circuit with the independentsources of current supply and acting as regenerators and with brakingefl'ect, substantially as described.

6. In a system of electrical energy, a power circuit, a plurality ofseries wound electric motors having each an independent field coil, asource of electrical energy for each motor independent of the powercircuit, a controller and operative connections therefrom to the motors,a field changing switch and a switch control magnet or solenoid thereforoperatively connected ,with a second switch connected in turn to orcarried by the controller drum; the relations between all of said partsbeing such that-the motors act during propulsion as series wound motorsand as regenerators with braking eiiect when the second switch isreversed and while the power current is still connected to the motors,substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOHAN e. v. LANG.

Witnesses JOHN BERWALD, lVM. CARs'rEN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, byadriressing the Commissioner of Patents. Washington, D. C.

of the power circuit, a field chang-

